Directions:
Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.（15 points）
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that's perpetually half full. But that's exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. "Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality," says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down — say, after giving a bad lecture — he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn't matter.
大多数人将乐观定义为永远保持快乐的状态，他们的杯子永远有一半是满的。但那正是积极的心理学家所不推荐的虚假的快乐。哈佛大学泰·本·沙哈尔教授说，“健康的乐观主义者是脚踏实地的。”本·沙哈尔教授认为，现实的乐观主义者，会尽力处理好所发生的事，而不是相信一切都会朝着最好的方向发展。
本·沙哈尔运用三种使人乐观的方法。当他感觉沮丧——比如，一次糟糕的演讲之后——他告诉自己这是人之常情。他提醒自己不是每次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔奖；总有一些演讲没有其他演讲效果好。接下来是重塑。他分析失败的演讲，分析其中什么有用什么没用，为将来做准备。最后，要有这样一种观念，就是承认在生活的宏伟蓝图中，一次演讲真的无足轻重。
(1) Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. with a glass that’s perpetually half full 是伴随状语，修饰主句 Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy。define…as… 意为“将……定义为……”。that 引导定语从句， 修饰 glass。
(2) But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend 为定语从句，修饰 false cheerfulness。 注意 exactly 的含义应译出，译为“正是”。
(3) “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. 注意 be in touch with 意为“与……有联系”，此处与 reality 连用，应译为“切合实际”。
(4) According to Ben-Shalar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. 两个 who 都是引导定语从句，都修饰 those，考查代词 those 的指代，均指代 optimists。
(5) Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. 这是一个简单句。
(6) When he feels down—say, after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human. say, after giving a bad lecture 是插入语，翻译时保留插入语结构。注意 say 在此是“比 如”的意思。grant sb. permission to do sth. 的意思是“允许某人做某事”。
(7) He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. 注意 some 和 others 指代的对象都是 lectures。
(8) Next is reconstruction. 这里主要考查 reconstruction 的含义，表示“重建”。
(9) He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. 句子的主干是 He analyzes the weak lecture，逗号后面为伴随状语。
(10) Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter. 句子的主干是 there is perspective，翻译时应灵活处理，不可生硬地译为“存在观 念”，可处理为“要有这样一种观念”。which 引导定语从句，修饰 perspective。grand scheme 可译为“宏伟蓝图”。